Patrick Smith, “Shields Still Own Themselves,” Property and Freedom Journal,” (Oct. 27, 2026).
This essay is a pointed critique of Walter Block’s recent defense of using force against innocent human shields. Smith argues that Block’s claim—that a person used as a shield is “no longer an innocent” and may therefore be killed in the course of self-defense—contradicts the core libertarian commitment to self-ownership and the non-aggression principle. Drawing on Rothbard and the logic of normative individualism, Smith contends that innocence cannot be stripped away by another’s aggression, that “causal contribution” is not a valid substitute for initiation of force, and that the resulting contradiction is only papered over by redefining the very rights libertarianism is meant to protect.




















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